How to Fix a Sinking Deck

Are you experiencing a sinking deck? This can be a common problem for homeowners, but luckily, it’s relatively easy to fix. A sinking deck can occur due to various reasons, such as improper installation, rotting wood, or even changes in the ground underneath.

A sinking deck not only detracts from the aesthetic appeal of your outdoor living space but can also present significant safety risks. Fortunately, with a bit of know-how, you can breathe new life into your sagging deck and restore its stability and beauty.

This guide on how to fix a sinking deck will walk you through the essential steps to diagnose the problem areas, understand the root causes of a sinking deck, and provide a comprehensive approach to fixing it. Whether you’re dealing with worn-out footings, weakened posts, or any other structural challenges, we’ll arm you with the knowledge to tackle the repair project.

Why Would a Deck Sink?

Understanding these potential causes is crucial in determining the right course of action for repairing your sinking deck.

1. Improper Installation: One of the most common reasons for a sinking deck is improper installation. If the footings were not dug deep enough or if they were not properly secured with concrete, the deck may begin to sag over time.
2. Rotting Wood: Another reason for a sinking deck can be rotting wood. This is especially true for decks that are not regularly maintained or exposed to harsh weather conditions. The rotting of wood weakens its structural integrity, causing it to sink and become unstable.
3. Changes in Ground: The ground underneath your deck can also play a significant role in its sinking. If there have been changes in the soil, such as settling or erosion, it can cause the footings to shift and the deck to sink.
4. Overloading: Another possible cause of a sinking deck is overloading. This happens when too much weight is placed on the deck for an extended period, causing it to become uneven and eventually sink.
5. Age: Lastly, an old deck that has been subjected to years of wear and tear may also start to sink. As wood ages, it becomes weaker and more susceptible to rotting and warping, leading to an uneven surface.

Now that you understand the potential causes of a sinking deck let’s dive into the steps to fix it.

What Will You Need?

Before getting started, there are a few tools and materials you’ll need to have on hand to fix a sinking deck. These may include:

• Measuring tape
• Level
• Shovel
• Hammer
• Nails or screws
• Concrete mix
• Wheelbarrow (for mixing concrete)
• Wood blocks or shims

Keep in mind that the specific tools and materials you’ll need may vary depending on the severity of your sinking deck and the type of repair required. It’s always a good idea to assess the situation first and gather any additional items that may be necessary for your particular project.

9 Easy Steps on How to Fix a Sinking Deck

Step 1: Identify the Problem Area

The first crucial step in fixing a sinking deck is to pinpoint the area where the problem is most evident. Walk around your deck and notice any visible signs of sinking or sagging. You might find that one corner is lower than the others or a certain section feels unstable underfoot. Use a level to confirm your observations, placing it at different points on the deck’s surface. Uneven readings on the level will help you identify the specific spots that require attention. Documenting these initial findings through notes or photographs can be helpful as you proceed with the repair process.

Step 2: Examine the Foundation and Footings

After identifying the problem areas, the next step is to carefully examine the foundation and footings of your deck. This involves digging around the existing footings to assess their condition and depth. Often, a sinking deck can be attributed to footings that were not set deep enough or have become unstable due to soil erosion or moisture issues. Look for signs of wood rot or deterioration in wooden footings, and check if concrete footings are cracked or shifted. This step is critical to determine whether the footings can be adjusted or if they need to be replaced entirely to ensure the long-term stability of your deck.

Step 3: Adjust or Replace the Footings

Once you’ve assessed the condition of the foundation and footings, the subsequent action is either adjusting the existing footings to level the deck or replacing them entirely if they’re beyond repair. If the footings are still solid but have shifted slightly, you can often level the deck by adding or removing soil beneath them or using concrete to create a more stable base. However, if the footings are severely damaged or deteriorated, they will need to be replaced.

This might involve digging new holes and pouring fresh concrete footings, ensuring they are set below the frost line to prevent future shifting. This step is crucial for the longevity and safety of your deck, providing a firm foundation that can support the structure above.

Step 4: Reinforce or Replace Damaged Posts

With the footing issue addressed, inspect the posts that support your deck. Posts weakened by rot, pest damage, or water exposure can significantly compromise the deck’s stability. Reinforcing the post might be sufficient if the damage is localized and minor. This could involve attaching new wood to the affected areas or using metal post anchors for added strength.

However, if the posts are severely damaged, replacing them entirely is best. When replacing posts, ensure they are treated or made from materials resistant to rot and pests to prolong the lifespan of your deck. Proper alignment and securing of the new posts to the footings are paramount to avoid future sinking or tilting issues.

Step 5: Check and Repair Decking Boards

After addressing the foundation and structure, turn your attention to the decking boards themselves. Inspect each board for signs of wear, rot, or damage. Cracked, warped, or rotten boards can pose a safety hazard and detract from the overall appearance of your deck. Remove any damaged boards using a pry bar and replace them with new ones.

When installing new decking boards, ensure they are properly spaced to allow for natural expansion and contraction due to weather changes. This step not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of your deck but also ensures a safer, more stable surface for outdoor activities.

Step 6: Secure and Tighten Connections

Loose railings or wobbly deck boards can be symptomatic of loose connections throughout the deck structure. After you’ve replaced any necessary components, it’s important to go through and tighten all screws, bolts, and connectors. This step is crucial for maintaining the integrity and safety of your deck, ensuring that all parts are firmly connected and secure.

Use a drill or screwdriver to tighten any loose screws and replace any rusted or damaged hardware. Pay special attention to areas of high stress, such as railing posts and the connections between the deck and the house, to ensure they can withstand the rigors of daily use and adverse weather conditions.

Step 7: Apply Protective Sealant or Stain

With the structural aspects of your deck addressed, it’s time to apply a protective sealant or stain to protect your deck from the elements. Weather conditions such as sun exposure, rain, snow, and temperature fluctuations can cause wood to deteriorate over time. A high-quality sealant not only guards against moisture and UV damage but also helps to preserve the wood’s natural beauty.

Choose a sealant or stain that is appropriate for your deck’s material and the climate in which you live. Apply it according to the manufacturer’s instructions, ensuring even coverage for maximum protection. This preventative measure can significantly extend the lifespan of your deck, keeping it looking new and functional for years to come.

Step 8: Conduct Final Inspection and Maintenance Check

After completing the repairs and applying the protective sealant or stain, conduct a thorough final inspection of your deck to confirm that all repairs have been made correctly and that there are no remaining safety hazards. Walk around the deck, testing the stability of the railings, the firmness of the deck boards, and the overall structure to ensure everything is secure.

Additionally, implement a regular maintenance schedule to inspect and clean your deck periodically. This involves checking for any new signs of wear or damage, cleaning debris from between boards, and reapplying sealant as needed. Regular maintenance not only prolongs the life of your deck but also ensures it remains a safe and enjoyable outdoor space for years to come.

Step 9: Keep an Eye on Your Deck’s Condition

While conducting regular maintenance is crucial for preserving your deck, it’s also important to keep an eye on its overall condition. Periodically check for any signs of sinking or tilting, especially after heavy rainfall or extreme weather events. Address any issues as soon as they arise to prevent further damage and ensure the safety of your deck. Additionally, keep an eye on the condition of the sealant or stain and reapply it as needed to maintain its protective properties. By staying vigilant and taking proactive measures, you can enjoy your deck for many years to come and avoid costly repairs in the future.

By following these steps and implementing regular maintenance, you can ensure your deck remains a safe, attractive, and functional outdoor space for years to come.

5 Additional Tips and Tricks

1. Regular Inspection: One of the best preventative measures to prevent your deck from sinking is conducting regular inspections. Pay special attention to the posts, joists, and beams, looking out for signs of rot, damage, or corrosion, especially in areas where wood meets the ground or in hidden spots where water might collect.
2. Ensure Proper Drainage: Water pooling around your deck’s foundation can weaken its structure, leading to sinking. Make sure your deck has proper drainage to prevent water accumulation. This may involve redirecting downspouts, grading the soil away from your deck, or even installing a French drain system.
3. Use Concrete Footings: If your deck is sinking because the posts are sinking into the soil, consider installing concrete footings. These footings provide a stable base that evenly distributes the deck’s weight, preventing sinking. Ensure the footings are dug below the frost line to avoid movement caused by freeze/thaw cycles.
4. Add Additional Support: In some cases, adding extra posts or beams can distribute the weight more evenly and prevent further sinking. This is particularly useful for larger decks or those that bear significant weight.
5. Seek Professional Help: If you need clarification on the cause of your sinking deck or how to fix it, feel free to call in a professional. A qualified contractor can assess the situation and recommend the best course of action, whether it be repairs, reinforcement, or a complete rebuild.

With these additional tips and tricks, you can prevent your deck from sinking and ensure it remains a safe and enjoyable outdoor space for years to come.

5 Things You Should Avoid When Fixing a Sinking Deck

1. Ignoring the Signs: Take your time with small issues. Ignoring early signs of sinking, such as uneven surfaces or visible post-deterioration, can lead to more significant, more expensive repairs down the line.
2. Skipping Permits: Always check with your local building authority before making structural changes to your deck. Failure to obtain the necessary permits can result in fines and may require you to undo your hard work.
3. Using Inadequate Materials: Avoid the temptation to save money by using cheaper, lower-quality materials. Opt for durable, approved materials designed for outdoor use and capable of withstanding your local climate conditions.
4. Improper Footing Installation: Don’t try to cut corners by placing footings above the frost line or in improperly dug holes. This can lead to shifting and further sinking. Ensure footings are installed according to local regulations and depth requirements.
5. DIY Without Proper Knowledge: While it’s tempting to tackle deck repairs as a DIY project, without the proper knowledge and tools, you may end up causing more harm than good. If you’re unsure how to proceed, consulting with a professional is better.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can ensure that your deck repair is done correctly and effectively.

Types of Deck Damage to Look Out For

• Water Damage: Over time, water can significantly damage deck materials, leading to rot, mold, and deterioration. Regularly inspect for signs of water damage, such as soft or discolored wood.
• Pests: Insects and other pests can also cause damage to decks by burrowing into the wood or creating nests. Look out for signs of infestation, such as small holes or piles of sawdust.
• UV Damage: Exposure to sunlight can cause discoloration, warping, and cracking in deck materials. Consider using a UV-resistant sealant or stain to protect your deck and prolong its lifespan.
• Wear and Tear: Regular use, heavy traffic, and weather exposure can all contribute to deck wear and tear. Look out for signs of excessive wear, such as splintering, loose boards, or wobbly railings.
• Structural Damage: Other forms of structural damage can occur in addition to sinking decks. These may include cracks in the wood, corrosion of metal hardware, or even damage caused by nearby tree roots. Be sure to regularly inspect your deck for any structural issues that may compromise its safety and stability.

By proactively checking for potential damage, you can catch problems early on and take action before they escalate. Regular maintenance and prompt repairs are crucial for keeping your deck in top condition.

Can a Deck Be Waterproof?

Yes, a deck can be waterproofed to protect it from water damage and extend its lifespan. Various methods for waterproofing a deck include sealants, membranes, and coatings. Sealants are often applied on top of the wood to create a barrier against moisture. Membranes are installed underneath the decking boards and act as a waterproof layer. Coatings can be applied directly to the deck’s surface and provide added protection against water. It is important to regularly check and maintain the waterproofing on your deck to ensure its effectiveness. Consult with a professional for the best method of waterproofing for your specific deck and climate conditions. 

Overall, investing in proper waterproofing can help prevent sinking and other damage caused by moisture, ensuring that your deck remains a functional and safe outdoor space for years to come.  In addition, regular maintenance and inspections can also help prevent future issues and prolong the lifespan of your deck. With these tips and tricks in mind, you can confidently enjoy your deck without worrying about sinking or water damage.

Conclusion

How to fix a sinking deck is essential for maintaining both the aesthetic appeal and the safety of your outdoor living space. By recognizing the common signs of a sinking deck, such as uneven surfaces or visible post deterioration, and understanding the causes, homeowners can take proactive measures to address the issue. Implementing solutions like adjusting the foundation, improving drainage, using concrete footings, adding additional support, and seeking professional help when needed can significantly mitigate the problem.

Additionally, avoiding common pitfalls such as ignoring early warning signs, skipping necessary permits, using inadequate materials, improperly installing footings, and attempting DIY repairs without sufficient knowledge is crucial for a successful fix.

Regular maintenance and vigilance in monitoring for signs of damage not only prevent sinking but also extend the life of your deck, ensuring it remains a secure and enjoyable part of your home for years to come.